Final answer:
The extrinsic neural control of glomerular filtration, influenced by baroreceptor-sensed changes in blood pressure, stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. This system is responsible for regulating the diameter of blood vessels, altering blood flow and filtration rate within the kidneys.
Step-by-step explanation:
Regulation of glomerular filtration is mediated by extrinsic neural control and baroreceptor sensed changes in blood pressure. The nervous system that is stimulated in this process is the sympathetic nervous system. The kidneys receive innervation from sympathetic neurons via the celiac plexus and splanchnic nerves.
The sympathetic nervous system plays a critical role in adjusting blood vessel diameter, and thus the flow of blood through the kidneys. When blood pressure falls, or during stress, sympathetic nervous activity leads to the constriction of the arterioles supplying the kidneys (vasoconstriction), which decreases glomerular blood flow and filtration rate. Additionally, an increase in this activity stimulates the release of renin, which activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, leading to further systemic vasoconstriction and increased blood volume and pressure through the reabsorption of sodium (Na+) and water.