Final answer:
The net filtration pressure (NFP) is the most significant factor in affecting glomerular filtration, determined by the balance between hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pressure that is the most significant factor in affecting glomerular filtration is the net filtration pressure (NFP), which is determined by the balance between hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure.
Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by the fluid against a surface, and in the glomerulus, it is the glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (GBHP) that drives fluid and solutes through the filtration membrane.
Colloid osmotic pressure, on the other hand, is the pressure created by the presence of solutes on one side of a semipermeable membrane and is higher in the glomerular capillary than in Bowman's capsule.