Final answer:
The cortical nephron is the type of nephron that constitutes 85% of nephrons in the kidneys, residing deep within the renal cortex with a shorter loop of Henle.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of nephron that makes up 85% of all nephrons in the kidneys is the cortical nephron. Cortical nephrons are located deep in the renal cortex and have a shorter loop of Henle, which does not extend far into the renal medulla. These nephrons are contrasted by the remaining 15%, which are juxtamedullary nephrons. Juxtamedullary nephrons have long loops of Henle that penetrate deep into the renal medulla, playing a crucial role in the concentration of urine.
The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which is essential for filtering blood and generating urine. It is made up of three parts: the renal corpuscle, the renal tubule, and the associated capillary network which originates from the cortical radiate arteries. These nephrons are essential for the regulatory functions of the kidneys, including the filtration of waste and regulation of water and solute balance in the body.