Final answer:
A urinalysis is a diagnostic test analyzing urine for substances like protein, glucose, and bacteria. It's typically the first test for detecting kidney issues and can indicate diseases such as diabetes or kidney failure when abnormal levels are found.
Step-by-step explanation:
An important health diagnostic test that analyzes urine for indicators like protein, glucose, acetone, blood, pus, bacteria, pH, and specific gravity is known as a urinalysis. This routine screening test is generally the first administered if kidney issues are suspected and involves a variety of checks, which may include sight and smell, the use of urine test strips, and microscopic examination. Additional tests may be conducted if initial results suggest the presence of disease or impaired kidney function. For instance, if high levels of glucose are detected, it could indicate diabetes, and tests like Benedict's test can be used to monitor glucose levels. Abnormal protein levels, such as albumin in the urine (albuminuria), can be an indication of kidney infection or kidney failure.