Final answer:
Ion channel-linked receptors open a channel through the membrane to allow specific ions to pass, such as Cl⁻. This type of transport is known as ionotropic receptor.
Step-by-step explanation:
The specific type of membrane protein that allows Cl⁻ ions to enter the cell when a neurotransmitter ligand binds to it is an ion channel-linked receptor. These receptors open a channel through the membrane that allows specific ions, such as Cl⁻, to pass through. This type of transport is known as ionotropic receptor.