Final answer:
The phenomenon called sexual dimorphism refers to the differences in physical characteristics between males and females of the same species, often resulting from sexual selection pressures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phenomenon where animals of the same species have different physical features between males and females is called sexual dimorphism. Sexual dimorphism is driven by sexual selection, where differential reproductive success leads to distinctive characteristics between the sexes. For instance, male peacocks display vibrant tails, whereas females are more subdued in coloration. This occurs because, in many species, males compete for mating opportunities either through direct competition or by being chosen by females, leading to traits that enhance their chances of reproducing
. Females, conversely, select mates based on these traits, which reflects their reproductive strategy. Sexual dimorphism can include differences in size, color, and the presence of adornments, all of which emerge as a result of various selective pressures. It should not be confused with hermaphroditism, parthenogenesis, or asexual reproduction, which are different reproductive strategies.