Question

What are the sensors that detect chromosomal abnormalities?

1) Detectors that identify the abnormalities
2) Transmitters that signal the information
3) Effectors that inhabit the cell cycle machinery
4) None of the above

Answer 1

Chromosomal abnormalities are detected using karyograms, which categorize abnormalities into numerical alterations (aneuploidies) such as Down syndrome and Turner syndrome, and structural alterations like translocations and deletions exemplified by Jacobsen syndrome. The correct option is 4) None of the above

Step-by-step explanation:

Chromosomal abnormalities can be broadly categorized into two types: numerical and structural alterations. Numerical abnormalities, also referred to as aneuploidies, occur when there is an abnormal number of chromosomes. These can include conditions like Down syndrome, characterized by a third copy of chromosome 21, or Turner syndrome, characterized by the presence of only one X chromosome in women. Structural abnormalities, such as translocations and deletions, include conditions like Jacobsen syndrome, which involves a deletion on chromosome 11. These alterations are detected using a karyogram, which is a visual representation of the chromosomes in a cell.

Chromosomal structural rearrangements can drastically affect an individual's phenotype due to the large number of genes that may be involved. Diagnostic testing using karyotyping can reveal these chromosomal disorders, which has important medical, ethical, and social considerations. The correct option is 4) None of the above