Final answer:
The immune system attacks insulin-producing beta cells in a process called autoimmunity, which is the cause of type 1 diabetes requiring insulin injections for blood glucose regulation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process in which the immune system attacks and kills beta cells that make insulin is known as autoimmunity. In type 1 diabetes, this autoimmune response targets the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas, leading to a lack of insulin production critical for regulating blood glucose levels.
As the beta cells are destroyed, individuals with type 1 diabetes must rely on insulin injections to manage their blood glucose levels.