Final answer:
The core of an atherosclerotic plaque is composed of lipids, particularly cholesterol and its esters. LDL cholesterol's accumulation in artery walls leads to plaque formation, which can narrow and stiffen arteries, impeding blood flow.
Step-by-step explanation:
The core of an atherosclerotic plaque is composed mainly of lipids. These lipids are largely cholesterol and its esters, as well as other fatty substances, which accumulate and form plaque inside the arteries. Atherosclerosis is characterized by the formation of these plaques which can harden over time due to the addition of calcium deposits.
Low-density lipoproteins (LDL), often referred to as 'bad cholesterol,' play a crucial role in the development of plaques. When LDL accumulates in the artery walls, it triggers inflammation, which in turn attracts white blood cells and contributes to the growth of the plaque. This can result in narrow, stiffened arteries, impairing blood flow and increasing the risk of cardiovascular events.
Risk factors that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis include high cholesterol, especially high levels of LDL, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and a family history of cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle changes and medications can help manage these risks and slow the progression of atherosclerosis.