Final answer:
The two primary proteins that establish Resting Membrane Potential (RMP) are the sodium-potassium pump and potassium channels. The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to actively transport Na+ out and K+ into the cell, while potassium channels allow K+ to diffuse out, sustaining the membrane's electrochemical gradient.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two primary membrane proteins necessary to establish the Resting Membrane Potential (RMP) are the sodium-potassium pump and potassium channels. The sodium-potassium pump actively transports potassium ions (K+) into the cell while moving sodium ions (Na+) out, at a ratio of three Na+ for every two K+ ions moved in. Potassium channels allow K+ ions to diffuse back out of the cell, which further contributes to the negative charge inside the cell relative to the outside.
This active transport of ions is an energetically unfavorable process which requires ATP hydrolysis to function. The sodium-potassium pump works in conjunction with various passive transport channels, specifically potassium channels. Together, these components are crucial for maintaining the electrochemical gradient necessary for cellular functions such as nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.