Final answer:
The law of effect indicates a positive correlation between behaviors and their effects, with positive outcomes increasing behavioral repetition and negative outcomes decreasing it.
Step-by-step explanation:
The relationship between behaviors and their effects is governed by the law of effect, which posits that behaviors followed by positive consequences are more likely to be repeated, while those followed by negative consequences are less likely to occur again. This can be seen in various aspects of life, such as employment, where receiving a paycheck motivates one to continue working. It's important to note that not all behaviors are strictly the result of reinforcements; behavior can also be influenced by genetics, instinctual drivers, and cognitive learning.
Given the question, behaviors and their effects are said to have a positive correlation—a good effect increases the likelihood of a behavior's repetition, and a bad effect reduces the likelihood. Therefore, the correct answer is 2) Behaviors and their effects are positively correlated.