Final answer:
The synaptonemal complex facilitates the synapsis of homologous chromosomes and crossing over, then degrades to allow for chiasmata formation, ensuring proper chromosome separation in meiosis I.
Step-by-step explanation:
The synaptonemal complex forms during prophase I of meiosis to enable the tight pairing of homologous chromosomes, an alignment known as synapsis. This complex has an essential role in supporting the exchange of chromosomal segments between non-sister homologous chromatids through a process called crossing over. Crossing over introduces genetic variation by allowing the recombination of genetic material. After the exchange has occurred, the synaptonemal complex begins to break down.
The prevention of non-specific strand exchanges and the maintenance of chromosome alignment are critical to ensuring accurate segregation of chromosomes. Thus, the synaptonemal complex and subsequent formation of chiasmata after strand exchange prevent improper separation and ensure that homologous chromosomes are correctly paired for the remainder of meiosis I.