Final answer:
The purpose of recombination, which increases through processes like crossing over during meiosis, is to enhance genetic diversity, crucial for adaptation and species survival. Without recombination, organisms may be less fit due to lack of genetic variation. Recombination tools like restriction enzymes and DNA ligase are instrumental in biotechnology for creating new genetic combinations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The purpose of recombination is to increase genetic diversity within a species. This process occurs during meiosis, where homologous chromosomes exchange segments of genetic material, resulting in recombinant chromosomes. Recombination is advantageous because it creates new combinations of alleles, contributing to genetic variation among offspring. This variation is crucial for adaptation and survival, as it allows populations to better cope with changing environments and resist diseases.
An individual with a mutation preventing recombination would likely be less fit because they would not contribute to the genetic diversity of the species. Their offspring would have less opportunity to inherit combinations of alleles that might be advantageous for survival. Crossing over, which is another term for recombination, does not occur during prophase II, but rather during prophase I of meiosis. It's evolutionarily advantageous because it separates linked genes, allowing them to be inherited independently and further contributing to genetic diversity.
Restriction enzymes and DNA ligase are components of genetic engineering that facilitate recombination by cutting and rejoining DNA strands, creating new combinations of genetic information for study or practical use.