Final answer:
The protein in yeast that is part of an endonuclease resolving Holliday junctions is called Rad51. This protein is homologous to RecA in bacteria and is crucial for homologous recombination and DNA repair.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is a species of yeast, the protein that is a component of the endonuclease which resolves Holliday junctions is known as Rad51. Holliday junctions are structures that form during the process of homologous recombination, and these need to be resolved for proper segregation of chromosomes. Rad51 is an evolutionarily conserved protein that not only plays a role in synapsis during meiosis but also in DNA repair. It is homologous to RecA in bacteria and to RadA in Archaea.
The Rad51 protein assists in the search for homology and strand pairing stages of the recombination process—critical steps that ensure genetic diversity through meiotic recombination and maintain genome integrity by repairing DNA.
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a yeast species, the critical protein involved in resolving Holliday junctions during homologous recombination is Rad51. These junctions, crucial for chromosome segregation, demand accurate resolution. Rad51, evolutionarily conserved and analogous to RecA in bacteria and RadA in Archaea, not only contributes to meiotic synapsis but also plays a vital role in DNA repair. Operating in the homology search and strand pairing stages, Rad51 ensures the genetic diversity inherent in meiotic recombination. Its involvement in DNA repair emphasizes its role in maintaining genome integrity, showcasing the multifaceted significance of Rad51 in fundamental cellular processes that safeguard genomic stability and promote genetic diversity.