Final answer:
Examples of artificial selection include selective dog breeding for herding ability, while natural selection examples are birds with longer beaks and fish that gain resistance to toxins. Charles Darwin related his observations of artificial selection to formulating the natural selection theory.Hence, Option 2 and 3 is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The examples that describe evolution or potential evolution by artificial selection or natural selection are:
- A breed of dogs is selectively bred for their ability to herd livestock.
- A population of birds develops longer beaks over time to access new food sources.
- A species of fish adapts to survive in polluted waters by developing resistance to toxins.
Artificial selection involves humans selecting particular traits to breed in organisms, like the selective breeding of cows for better milk production or dogs for specific tasks.
Natural selection is the process by which individuals in nature with traits that improve their survival and reproduction rates are more likely to pass those traits to the next generation, such as the development of resistance to pesticides in insects.
Charles Darwin's observations of artificial selection informed his theory of natural selection, suggesting that if humans can change species through selective breeding, nature can similarly select for certain traits over time.