Question

Substrate activation may involve?

1) a change in enzyme conformation induced by substrate binding.
2) accepting protons from the enzyme.
3) formation of temporary covalent bonds.
4) donation of protons to the enzyme.
5) all of the above

Answer 1

Substrate activation involves a change in enzyme conformation, acceptance of protons, formation of temporary covalent bonds, and donation of protons to the enzyme, reflecting multiple mechanisms of enzyme catalysis. (option 5)

Step-by-step explanation:

Substrate activation may involve several mechanisms when an enzyme binds to its substrate. One key aspect is a change in enzyme conformation induced by substrate binding, often referred to as the induced fit model. This is when the active site of the enzyme undergoes conformational changes to better accommodate the substrate and catalyze the reaction.

Additionally, enzyme catalysis can involve the donation or acceptance of protons (general acid-base catalysis), where the amino acids in the enzyme's active site can either donate or accept protons to facilitate the reaction. Another mechanism is the formation of temporary covalent bonds between the enzyme and substrate, which can stabilize the transition state and lower the activation energy required for the reaction to proceed.

Substrate activation may involve all of the described mechanisms: a change in enzyme conformation, accepting protons from the enzyme, formation of temporary covalent bonds, and donation of protons to the enzyme.