Final answer:
The variables that are part of the Michaelis-Menten equation are Km, Vmax, [S], and v. Km is the substrate concentration at half the maximum velocity, Vmax is the maximum reaction velocity, [S] is the substrate concentration, and v is the initial velocity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Michaelis-Menten equation is a mathematical description of the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. From the options provided, the variables that are part of the Michaelis-Menten equation are Km, Vmax, [S], and v. Km is the Michaelis constant which represents the substrate concentration at which the reaction rate is half of Vmax. Vmax is the maximum velocity of the reaction when the enzyme is saturated with substrate. [S] signifies the substrate concentration, and v represents the initial velocity of the reaction. The kcat, or turnover number, is related to Vmax but is a distinct parameter that describes the number of substrate molecules converted into product per enzyme molecule per second when the enzyme is fully saturated with substrate.