Question

An enzyme influences the structure of which of the following?

1) substrate
2) product
3) transition state
4) cofactor
5) intermediate

Answer 1

Enzymes influence the structure of the substrate and the transition state through induced fit. Option 1 is correct..

Step-by-step explanation:

Enzymes influence the structure of the substrate and the transition state. The enzyme binds to its substrate(s) and induces a specific conformational change, known as the induced fit model, to facilitate a proper fit between the enzyme's active site and the substrate, which leads to the formation of the transition state and the resultant product. Covalent catalysis may occur whereby enzymes form unstable enzyme-substrate complexes that proceed to further reaction to form products. The process facilitates the transformation of the substrate into the product. In contrast to an enzyme's function, a competitive inhibitor most structurally resembles the substrate because it competes for binding to the same active site of the enzyme.

When an enzyme binds to its substrate, it undergoes a slight change in structure to find the best fit between the substrate and the transition state. This active-site modification, known as induced fit, allows the enzyme to catalyze the reaction efficiently. Overall, enzymes have a specifically matched structure for each substrate and transition state, ensuring specificity in their catalytic function.