Final answer:
The symbolic interactionist perspective studies the effects of labeling in educational settings and the resulting interactions between students and teachers.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sociological perspective that focuses on the labels that students acquire in school and how this affects the way they are treated by teachers is the symbolic interactionist perspective. This theoretical approach examines the dynamics of the classroom, including the interactions between students and teachers, on a micro level. It studies how personal interactions and the meaning of these interactions can influence a student's experience and identity within the educational system. In contrast, structural functionalists would look at how education serves societal needs, conflict theorists focus on how education reinforces inequality, and exchange theorists would examine the costs and benefits of educational interactions.