Final answer:
The scenario described is an example of the 'glass escalator' or 'glass elevator' effect, highlighting a form of prejudicial bias against women in the workplace.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept described in the question where John is favored over Sue due to his gender and is promoted more quickly and has doubled his salary while Sue faces barriers is known as the glass escalator or the glass elevator. This term refers to the advantage that men might experience in professions dominated historically by women, such as nursing, where they ascend to leadership positions more quickly than their female counterparts. It's a form of prejudicial bias where societal and organizational norms unfairly benefit one gender over another, and it directly challenges the legal and ethical practices that demand equity across all genders.