Final answer:
According to Max Weber, a bureaucracy is a highly rational organization and is highly efficient, which aligns with option '4) bureaucracy'.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Max Weber, a bureaucracy is a highly rational organization and is highly efficient, so the correct answer to the question is '4) bureaucracy'. Weber's analysis of modern society is centered on the concept of rationalization, a society built around logic and efficiency. Bureaucracies, as understood by Weber, have characteristic features, including a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality. These features contribute to what Weber considered an ideal type of formal organization, capable of achieving high efficiency and effectiveness in administering large groups and complex tasks.