Final answer:
Japan and Israel are examples of nation-states, combining a homogenous cultural or ethnic population with a sovereign political structure that promotes a unified national identity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Japan and Israel are examples of nation-states because they encompass a population that defines itself by its political organizational structure and its people. A nation-state is a political entity where the boundaries of a nation (a cultural and/or ethnic identity) coincide with the boundaries of the state (the institutional infrastructure). Japan is a homogeneous society with a population that is predominantly ethnically Japanese, and it represents a nation-state where the government takes special care to protect and promote the shared national identity of its people. Israel, similarly, functions as a nation-state where the majority of the population also share a common culture and ethnicity alongside their distinct national identity.