Final answer:
A diploid organism with 8 chromosomes will have offspring cells with 4 chromosomes after meiosis, which is half the original number, while a muscle cell with 32 chromosomes will produce gametes with 16 chromosomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
A diploid organism with 8 chromosomes in G1 phase will produce offspring cells with half the number of chromosomes after meiosis. Therefore, each offspring cell, or gamete , will have 4 chromosomes. This is because meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half through two rounds of cell division, resulting in haploid daughter cells . In the case of a muscle cell with 32 chromosomes, the resulting gametes will contain 16 chromosomes, indicating option b. 16 as the correct answer.
During the diploid life cycle , a diploid organism spends most of its life with two sets of chromosomes in its somatic cells. However, during reproduction, it undergoes meiosis to produce haploid cells, which have only one set of chromosomes. When two such gametes from different individuals come together during fertilization, they form a diploid zygote with the full set of chromosomes.