Final answer:
Major theories of intelligence typically include a measure of general cognitive abilities, such as 'g' in Spearman's theory, and are represented in hierarchical models like the CHC theory. Crystallized and fluid intelligence are components that differentiate aspects of cognitive skills, while intelligence tests aim to measure these abilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Most of the major theories of intelligence include a measure of general cognitive abilities, often represented by the broad concept of 'g' or general intelligence. This includes abilities such as fluid reasoning, short-term memory, and processing speed. The Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory presents a hierarchical model of cognitive abilities, with general intelligence at the top, followed by broad and narrow abilities. Furthermore, intelligence has been divided into different components such as crystallized intelligence, which involves acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it, and fluid intelligence, which encompasses the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems. Studies on intelligence also explore how these cognitive abilities can be measured accurately through various intelligence tests like the WAIS-IV and WISC-V, following the history of intelligence testing that began with Binet and Wechsler.