Final answer:
Henri Fayol was the first to identify the management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, different from Frederick Taylor's focus on scientific management for efficiency.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theorist who first identified the specific management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling was Henri Fayol. While Frederick Taylor is widely recognized for his contributions to scientific management, it was Fayol who laid the groundwork for what became known as the classical theory of management. Henri Fayol outlined these functions in his classic 1916 work, 'Administration Industrielle et Générale', predating Taylor's scientific management approach which focuses more on work efficiency and productivity improvements through time-motion studies.