Final answer:
Messenger RNA (mRNA) (option 1) is the type of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, specifying the sequence of amino acids for protein synthesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of RNA that travels from the nucleus to the cytoplasm carrying the coded message specifying the sequence of amino acids in the protein to be made is Messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA is vital for taking the genetic information encoded in DNA to the sites of protein synthesis, the ribosomes, within the cell's cytoplasm. It copies the genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus and carries these instructions to the cytoplasm where proteins are assembled. Unlike ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which helps form ribosomes, and transfer RNA (tRNA), which brings amino acids to the ribosomes where proteins are synthesized, mRNA's primary function is to convey the precise order of amino acids required to build specific proteins. This is of critical importance as each protein's unique function is determined by its specific amino acid sequence.
During the process of transcription, a complementary strand of mRNA is synthesized based on the sequence of bases in DNA, and in this mRNA sequence, the base thymine (T) found in DNA is replaced by uracil (U) in RNA. For example, if the DNA strand has a sequence AATTGCGC, the complementary mRNA will have the sequence UUAACGCG. Once formed, this mRNA strand detaches from the DNA sequence and exits the nucleus, heading into the cytoplasm to participate in protein synthesis.