Final answer:
Urbanization is the process of population growth and migration from rural areas to cities. It led to challenges and the development of different patterns of urban growth such as suburbs, exurbs, and concentric zones.
Step-by-step explanation:
Urbanization refers to the process of population growth and migration from rural areas to cities. In the United States, urbanization began in the late 19th century and accelerated during the Industrial Revolution. As cities grew, they faced challenges such as overcrowding, inadequate housing, and poor sanitation. Urbanization also led to the development of suburbs, exurbs, and concentric zones, which are different patterns of urban growth. Suburbs are residential areas located on the outskirts of cities, while exurbs are even further from urban centers. Concentric zones refer to the organization of a city into areas with distinct functions, such as the central business district, industrial zones, and residential areas.