Final answer:
Data lock-ins hindering a shift to a competitor can occur in scenarios such as long-term contracts with proprietary data access and frequent data transfers between multiple providers.
Step-by-step explanation:
Data lock-ins that hinder a shift to a competitor can occur in the scenario of long-term contracts with proprietary data access. In such contracts, the customer may be tied to a specific service provider for an extended period, preventing them from easily switching to a competitor. Additionally, frequent data transfers between multiple providers can also lead to data lock-ins as the complexity of transferring data between different systems may make it challenging to switch to another provider. Short-term agreements with data encryption protocols can also create data lock-ins if the encryption methods used are not compatible with other service providers' systems.