Final answer:
The principle that allows different branches of the federal government to share responsibilities and influence each other is called checks and balances. This system, together with separation of powers and federalism, ensures that no single branch holds too much power, as each branch can check the authority of the others.
Step-by-step explanation:
The different branches of the federal government sharing certain responsibilities and having the ability to influence each other's activities reflects the principle of checks and balances. This system is a core aspect of American government, designed to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful by ensuring that each branch has the authority to check or restrain some of the powers of the other branches. The legislative branch makes laws, the executive branch enforces them, and the judicial branch interprets them, with each having the ability to affect the actions of the others.
Checks and balances are accompanied by the separation of powers, where the government is divided into three distinct branches. This division requires the cooperation of all branches for the government to function effectively. Additionally, the concept of federalism divides power between the national and state governments, each with their own executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
It's important to note that a law isn't final once it's signed; court cases can challenge laws, and the judicial review process in higher courts, including the Supreme Court, can uphold or overturn laws, reflecting the interplay of powers between branches.