Final answer:
Superantigens are unusual bacterial toxins that activate large numbers of T4-lymphocytes, triggering an unregulated immune response and potentially causing a cytokine storm.
Step-by-step explanation:
Unusual bacterial toxins that interact with and activate exceedingly large numbers of T4-lymphocytes are called superantigens. Superantigens trigger an excessive and unregulated response in the immune system, leading to the release of a large number of cytokines, causing a potential life-threatening inflammatory response known as a cytokine storm.
Bacterial toxins that excessively activate T4-lymphocytes are called superantigens, which can lead to a cytokine storm and severe health implications.
Unusual bacterial toxins that interact with and activate exceedingly large numbers of T4-lymphocytes are known as superantigens. These toxins can cause an unregulated and excessive activation of T cells, resulting in a potentially life-threatening condition due to the massive release of cytokines, often referred to as a cytokine storm. Superantigens bypass the specificity of T cell activation, binding directly to MHC II molecules on antigen-presenting cells and T-cell receptors, leading to the indiscriminate activation of a large proportion of T cells and the aforementioned cytokine storm, which can cause symptoms like high fevers, low blood pressure, multi-organ failure, shock, and even death. Unusual bacterial toxins that interact with and activate exceedingly large numbers of T4-lymphocytes are called superantigens. Superantigens trigger an excessive and unregulated response in the immune system, leading to the release of a large number of cytokines, causing a potential life-threatening inflammatory response known as a cytokine storm.