Final answer:
In enzyme function, a transient interaction with the substrate is needed, so a permanent covalent bond is not involved as it would prevent the enzyme from releasing the substrate after the reaction.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of interaction not involved in the binding of a substrate to a normally functioning enzyme is a permanent covalent bond. Unlike other types of interactions, a permanent covalent bond would lock the substrate and enzyme together, which is not conducive to the typical transient nature of enzyme-substrate interactions required for enzymatic activity.
Enzyme-substrate interactions typically involve a range of non-permanent forces. These include hydrogen bonds, transient covalent bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and various other weaker forces like van der Waals interactions. These forces enable the enzyme to temporarily bind the substrate, catalyze the reaction, and then release the product. Covalent catalysis does involve the formation of a transient covalent bond, but it is quickly broken as the reaction proceeds. Strong, irreversible, permanent covalent bonds would prevent the enzyme from processing multiple substrate molecules.