Final answer:
Desensitization therapy for phobias uses the technique of systematic desensitization, which is a form of exposure therapy. In treating hypersensitivity reactions like allergies, it involves the gradual introduction of allergens to build tolerance, and epinephrine is used for emergency treatment of severe reactions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Desensitization therapy is used successfully with clients experiencing phobias primarily through the technique of systematic desensitization, which is a form of exposure therapy. This therapy involves gradually exposing the individual to the feared object or context without any danger, in order to overcome their anxiety. Habituation is a related process where an individual learns to 'get used to' the anxiety-provoking stimulus over time. Cognitive-behavioral therapists might use strategies including this method within their psychotherapy practices.
In the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, such as allergies, desensitization therapy can involve the administration of gradually increasing amounts of allergens, helping the body to build up a tolerance. This can lead to a shift in the immune response from an IgE-mediated reaction, which triggers allergy symptoms, to an IgG antibody response. Epinephrine is often kept on hand during these treatments as an emergency measure to treat any severe systemic allergic reactions that might occur as a result of exposure to the allergen.