Final answer:
Smooth muscle cells cause vasoconstriction in response to stimulation by the sympathetic part (option 1) of the nervous system, which acts through the release of neurotransmitters like norepinephrine to increase blood vessel tone and blood pressure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The smooth muscle cells produce vasoconstriction of blood vessels due to innervation by the sympathetic part of the nervous system. This action is controlled by the release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine from postganglionic sympathetic fibers, which bind to adrenergic receptors on the smooth muscles in the walls of blood vessels.
This binding causes the smooth muscles to contract, thereby constricting the blood vessels and increasing blood pressure. Moreover, epinephrine and norepinephrine released from the adrenal medulla also play a significant role as they travel through the bloodstream and interact with the receptors influencing blood vessel tone.
While the parasympathetic system generally has little to no effect on the systemic blood vessels' tone, the sympathetic system is responsible for their control. The vasomotor centers in the body also play a role by controlling vessel tone through the contraction of the smooth muscle in the tunica media, mediated by the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic neurons.