Final answer:
Neuromuscular disorders, cardiac disorders, and metabolic acidosis can all lead to respiratory failure.
Step-by-step explanation:
In addition to neuromuscular disorders, other extrapulmonary causes that can lead to respiratory failure include cardiac disorders and metabolic acidosis. These conditions can impact the respiratory system and cause impaired gas exchange, leading to respiratory failure.
Cardiac disorders, such as congestive heart failure or myocardial infarction, can affect the heart's ability to pump blood effectively, which can lead to pulmonary edema and respiratory failure.
Metabolic acidosis, which is an imbalance of acids and bases in the body, can affect respiration by causing shallow, rapid breathing and impairing oxygen exchange in the lungs, ultimately leading to respiratory failure.