Final answer:
The correct order in the value chain to optimize customer value is marketing, receiving the customer order, production scheduling, delivery and installation, and after-sales support, as found in option 3.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct order for the items in the value chain to optimize value to the customer is option 3, which is: marketing, receiving the customer order, scheduling the order into production, delivering and installing the products, after sales support. This sequence ensures that the demand is established first (marketing), the order is confirmed (receiving the customer order), planned for production (scheduling the order into production), the product reaches the customer (delivering and installing the product), and that the customer is supported after purchase (after sales support). The value chain can be very complex, especially when it involves international trade and specialization, which allows for splitting up the value chain across different companies and countries. This specialization enhances efficiencies and allows firms to focus on specific parts of the production process, leading to economic gains from increased learning and innovation.