Final answer:
In acute kidney injury, the most common reasons for initiating dialysis are acidosis, hyperkalemia, volume overload, and uremia. Hypokalemia is not typically a reason to start dialysis in this context. The correct answers are options a,c d,e.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most common reasons for initiating dialysis in acute kidney injury include several critical conditions that reflect the failure of the kidneys to perform their essential function of waste removal and fluid electrolyte balance. When the waste products and fluid can no longer be adequately managed by the failing kidneys, lethal conditions arise prompting the need for dialysis. The primary cases necessitating this intervention include:
- Acidosis: The accumulation of acids in the body due to kidney failure, leading to metabolic acidosis.
- Hyperkalemia: An excessive amount of potassium in the blood that can cause dangerous heart arrhythmias and muscle weakness.
- Volume overload: Retention of fluid that can lead to swelling and congestion, particularly affecting the lungs and heart.
- Uremia: The buildup of waste products in the blood, such as urea and creatinine, which can cause a range of symptoms including nausea, fatigue, and confusion.
In the context of acute kidney injury, the condition of hypokalemia, or low blood potassium levels, is generally not a reason to initiate dialysis though it is a concern in the overall management of kidney disorders.
The correct options for the most common reasons for initiating dialysis in acute kidney injury include:
- Acidosis
- Hyperkalemia
- Volume overload
- Uremia