Final answer:
Data is information collected through observation or investigation, typically measurable and quantifiable, using methods like direct observation and field research. It is integral for analyzing and answering research questions in scientific studies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Any information you can collect through the process of observation or investigation is referred to as data. This can be obtained from direct, physical observation or through a structured investigation, which often includes an experiment. The information collected should be measurable or quantifiable to ensure it can be analyzed effectively. An example of observation in science might include noting the increase in pressure on a gauge when you fill a car tire with air.
Gathering information through field research, interviewing, note-taking, and organization are all part of the process. Field research, in particular, is the collection of raw data in the subject's natural environment, enhancing the reliability of your observations. Data analysis, which includes the interpretation of the collected data, is a crucial step in providing results that answer the research question. Observations may be conducted over a time period or as a singleton event, depending on the research question.