Question

The costs relevant to honest expression of male sexually selected ornaments or weapons refer to?

1) Metabolic or energetic resources that a male must allocate to the growth of ornaments or weapons.
2) The inability of males to invest simultaneously in ornament production and in immune function.
3) The risk a male faces because ornaments slow him down, or because bright colors make him more conspicuous to predators.
4) The fact that time spent displaying to females is time that a male cannot spend searching for food, so the longer he displays, the more he depletes his stored energy reserves and compromises his future survival probability.
5) All of the above.
6) None of the above.

Answer 1

The costs relevant to honest expression of male sexually selected ornaments or weapons include metabolic resources, inability to invest in immune function, increased risk, and depletion of energy reserves.

Step-by-step explanation:

The costs relevant to honest expression of male sexually selected ornaments or weapons refer to:

1. Metabolic or energetic resources that a male must allocate to the growth of ornaments or weapons.
2. The inability of males to invest simultaneously in ornament production and in immune function.
3. The risk a male faces because ornaments slow him down, or because bright colors make him more conspicuous to predators.
4. The fact that time spent displaying to females is time that a male cannot spend searching for food, so the longer he displays, the more he depletes his stored energy reserves and compromises his future survival probability.

Therefore, the answer to your question is Option 5) All of the above.