Final answer:
A selective sweep results in a beneficial mutation rising to high frequency with a distinctive linkage pattern due to limited recombination. Close alleles are inherited together until further recombination events achieve more diversity.
Step-by-step explanation:
A genetic marker that has risen to high frequency through a selective sweep displays a distinct pattern of linkage with surrounding loci due to limited recombination events. During the sweep, a beneficial allele increases in frequency along with nearby alleles due to natural selection. The small amount of recombination that occurs can slightly break up this linkage over time, but initially, alleles close to the selected mutation will show reduced genetic diversity and be inherited together more frequently.
This inheritance pattern can be observed using linking analysis or physical maps of chromosomes to study inheritance patterns of linked and unlinked genes. For example, Thomas Hunt Morgan's experiments with fruit flies indicated that genes located close together on the same chromosome exhibit a higher-than-expected frequency of being inherited together, which is a pattern consistent with genetic linkage.
Therefore, new alleles that are positively selected and reach high frequency in the population are usually accompanied by a characteristic pattern of nearby alleles due to reduced recombination around the advantageous mutation.