Final answer:
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a persistent strengthening of synaptic connections important for learning and memory, and is not the same as sensitization. It is the result of synaptic activity leading to the insertion of more AMPA receptors. In contrast, long-term depression (LTD) weakens synaptic connections through the removal of AMPA receptors.
Step-by-step explanation:
Long-term potentiation (LTP) and sensitization are not synonymous. The statement 'Long-term potentiation is another term for sensitization?' is false. LTP is a specific, long-lasting enhancement in signal transmission between two neurons that results from stimulating them synchronously. This cellular mechanism underlies learning and memory and is best explained by the Hebbian principle: 'cells that fire together wire together.' When a neuron repeatedly and rapidly fires, this results in more AMPA receptors being inserted into the synaptic membrane, which enhances synaptic strength and efficiency.
Conversely, long-term depression (LTD) is a process that leads to a weakening of synaptic connections. Events that lead to LTD involve less frequent stimulation of synapses, which, through a cascade involving calcineurin and protein phosphatase 1, results in the removal of AMPA receptors from the synaptic membrane. Therefore, LTP and LTD contribute to the plasticity of the brain by modifying the strength of synaptic transmission in opposite ways, reflecting the brain's ability to adapt to experience.