Final answer:
The sympathetic nervous system is active during stress, initiating a 'fight-or-flight' response, while the parasympathetic nervous system is active during rest, managing 'rest and digest' functions. (option 1)
Step-by-step explanation:
The sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system are two divisions of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary bodily functions. The sympathetic nervous system is primarily responsible for the "fight or flight" response, activating during periods of stress or physical activity. It prepares the body for action by increasing heart rate, dilating pupils, and redirecting blood flow to vital organs. In contrast, the parasympathetic nervous system dominates during restful periods, promoting the "rest and digest" response. It slows the heart rate, constricts pupils, and enhances digestion and nutrient absorption.
Together, these systems maintain a delicate balance, ensuring that the body can respond appropriately to different situations. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems work antagonistically to regulate bodily functions and maintain homeostasis. While the sympathetic system readies the body for action, the parasympathetic system facilitates recovery and relaxation.
Understanding the interplay between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems is crucial for comprehending how our bodies respond to stress and rest, contributing to overall health and well-being.