Question

Clonal expansion and differentiation of naive T cells to effector T cells depends on the activation of the transcription factor(s) _____ through a ZAP-70-mediated signal transduction pathway.

1) AP-1, NF--κB and NFAT
2) IL-2
3) TCR, CD28, B7
4) PIP2, PIP3 and IP3
5) Ras

Answer 1

The activation of transcription factors AP-1, NF-κB, and NFAT through a ZAP-70-mediated signal transduction pathway is crucial for the clonal expansion and differentiation of naive T cells into effector T cells.

Step-by-step explanation:

The activation and differentiation of naive T cells to effector T cells rely on the activation of the transcription factor(s) AP-1, NF-κB, and NFAT through a ZAP-70-mediated signal transduction pathway.

First, the T cell receptor (TCR) on naive T cells recognizes a specific foreign epitope presented within the MHC II molecule on an antigen-presenting cell (APC). This recognition triggers a signal transduction pathway that involves the activation of ZAP-70.

ZAP-70 then phosphorylates several proteins, including the transcription factors AP-1, NF-κB, and NFAT. These phosphorylated transcription factors translocate to the nucleus and activate gene expression, leading to the clonal expansion and differentiation of naive T cells into effector T cells.