Final answer:
Hamilton's rule, which is essential in understanding altruistic behaviors in biology, is described by the equation Br - C > 0, where B is the reproductive benefit, r is the relatedness, and C is the cost to the altruist.
Step-by-step explanation:
The equation that describes Hamilton's rule in biology is Br - C > 0. This rule helps to explain the conditions under which an organism will perform an act that benefits another organism at a cost to itself. The variables in the equation represent inclusive fitness, where B stands for the reproductive benefit to the recipient of the altruistic behavior, r is the coefficient of relatedness, and C represents the cost to the altruist.