Final answer:
The study of the functions of DNA repair genes falls under the field of molecular genetics, which explores gene structure and function, including repair mechanisms to maintain genetic integrity. Other branches like population genetics and transmission genetics focus on genetic variation in populations and heredity respectively. The correct field related to DNA repair is molecular genetics. Option 3 is correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding DNA Repair and Its Study in Genetics
The function of a DNA repair gene is studied under the branch of genetics known as molecular genetics. Molecular genetics is a field that focuses on the molecular structure and function of genes, including how they carry information, how information is expressed, and how genes are regulated. A key aspect of molecular genetics is understanding the processes involved in repairing the DNA sequence to maintain the integrity of its encoded information.
DNA repair is a critical cellular process because DNA damage can result in mutations that contribute to the development of diseases such as cancer. Various mechanisms such as Base Excision Repair, Nucleotide Excision Repair, and Homologous Recombination are utilized by cells to correct damage to the DNA molecule. This ensures the fidelity of the genetic information passed on to the next generation and contributes to the organism's proper development and functioning.
In contrast, population genetics examines the genetic composition of populations and how it changes over time, while transmission genetics, or classical genetics, studies the heredity of traits and how genes are transmitted through generations. Knowing the diverse fields within genetics provides context to understanding the scientific study of DNA repair mechanisms. Among the subdivisions mentioned, molecular genetics is the correct field that studies DNA repair genes.