Final answer:
The plasma membrane's components that aid in structural support, substance transport, and chemical reactions include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. The correct option is 1) Phospholipids 2) Proteins and 3) Carbohydrates
Step-by-step explanation:
The components of a plasma membrane that provide structural support, transport substances through the membrane, and participate in chemical reactions at the cell surface are mainly phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. The phospholipids form a bilayer, creating the fundamental structure of the membrane. Proteins embedded within this bilayer serve various functions, including acting as transporters for substances entering and exiting the cell and providing structural support. On the exterior surface of the membrane, carbohydrates are attached to proteins and lipids, fulfilling roles in cell recognition and adhesion.
Proteins account for about 50 percent of the mass of a typical human cell's plasma membrane, with lipids contributing about 40 percent, and carbohydrates making up the remaining 10 percent. However, this composition can vary significantly between different cell types. The correct option is 1) Phospholipids 2) Proteins and 3) Carbohydrates