Final answer:
The influences on the external marketing environment of guns are known as political forces, encompassing legislative changes, Supreme Court rulings, interest group advocacy, and state political cultures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The influences on the external marketing environment of guns as described in the question are known as political forces. These forces include changing values of elected and appointed officials, changing state laws and regulations regarding gun ownership, the types of firearms and ammunition allowed, as well as varying gun registration requirements. Political forces are shaped by a range of factors including legislation, Supreme Court decisions, the opinions of interest groups such as the National Rifle Association (NRA) and the Brady: United Against Gun Violence, and state political cultures that influence the ideology and opinions of the people within them.