Final answer:
The expected finding of diabetic ketoacidosis includes deep, rapid breathing, fruity-smelling breath, and other symptoms such as dry mouth, nausea, and stomach pain. It is caused by the body breaking down fatty acids for energy, leading to the overproduction of ketone bodies and acidosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
A nurse teaching a client who has diabetes mellitus should include that an expected finding of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the presence of deep, rapid breathing, known as Kussmaul respirations. This occurs as the body attempts to compensate for the acidosis by driving off carbon dioxide. Other expected findings include fruity-smelling breath, due to the exhalation of acetone, as well as symptoms like dry skin and mouth, a flushed face, nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain.
DKA is a result of the body's cells not receiving adequate glucose, leading to the breakdown of fatty acids for energy and subsequent overproduction of ketone bodies, increasing blood acidity. Treatment involves the administration of insulin and can include ingestion or injection of sugar, with daily insulin administration being crucial for prevention.
It is important to note that if ketoacidosis is not treated promptly, it can progress to diabetic coma and potentially be fatal. Therefore, these symptoms should be recognized and managed quickly.