Final answer:
The recommended location for fundal massage during the first 12 hours after delivery is 2 cm below the umbilicus.
Step-by-step explanation:
The recommended location for fundal massage during the first 12 hours after delivery is a) 2 cm below the umbilicus. Fundal massage is a technique used to stimulate uterine contractions and prevent postpartum hemorrhage. By applying firm pressure to the lower part of the abdomen, just below the umbilicus, the uterus can be encouraged to contract and expel any remaining blood or clots.