Final Answer:
You are studying a population of wolves and you find 5 allele frequency. Therefore, the correct option is 5) allele frequency.
Step-by-step explanation:
In studying the population of wolves, the term that typically represents the frequency of an allele (a particular form of a gene) within a population is "allele frequency." Allele frequency refers to the proportion or percentage of a specific allele in relation to all the alleles of that gene within the population. This frequency can be calculated using mathematical formulas such as Hardy-Weinberg equations which involve variables like p and q, representing the frequencies of two alleles in a gene pool.
The provided options (-q, -2pq, -q², -p² + 2pq) relate to terms used in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation, where p and q are used to represent allele frequencies. For instance, in a population where there are two alleles, p and q represent the frequencies of the dominant and recessive alleles respectively. The equation p² + 2pq + q² = 1 represents the frequencies of the three possible genotypes within a population under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
However, none of the given options exactly match the standard Hardy-Weinberg equation. Therefore, the most appropriate answer in the context of studying a population of wolves and relating to genetics and allele frequencies is "allele frequency" itself. This term encapsulates the concept of the proportion or frequency of a specific allele within the wolf population, crucial in understanding genetic diversity, inheritance patterns, and evolutionary processes within the studied population. Therefore, the correct option is 5) allele frequency.