Final answer:
Ethnomedicine is a cultural knowledge of health and treatments, while medical pluralism involves the coexistence of different medical systems. Shamanism and faith healing rely on spiritual knowledge. Historical practices like bloodletting were later questioned and changed.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ethnomedicine is a society's cultural knowledge about the management of health and treatments for illness, sickness, and disease. Healing can include rituals and natural treatments drawn from the local environment. Examples of ethnomedical healers are midwives, doulas, herbalists, bonesetters, surgeons, and shamans. Medical pluralism is the coexistence and interplay of different medical systems within a culture.
Some forms of healing rely upon spiritual knowledge as a form of medicine. Shamanism and faith healing are examples of cultural systems that use religion and faith to heal. These systems involve entering the spirit world or utilizing faith to eliminate illness or identify its source.
Historically, Western cultures believed in practices such as bloodletting as an effective treatment. However, changes in medical practices occurred as people began to doubt the effectiveness and provided evidence against them.